1460 Feb 27
- Chicano Movement
- Ceasar Chavez
- Inspired by work of Ghandi, MLK
- Leader in defending rights of immigrants
- Believes that MLK could have done more, such as Ghandi
- American Indian Movement / Red Power movement
- Believe they could meet violence w/ violence
- Take over bureau of indian affairs in D.C for a week
- President slanders native americans
- Then decide to occupy wounded knee memorial for a month
- Gained international coverage
- Nixon threatened to send in troops; criticized by international community
- Would receive letter from Pope criticizing his response
- Nixon and FBI director J Edgar Hoover hated protesters
- Edgar would go on to try to dismantle Black Panthers
- Standoff between Native Americans / FBI; becomes lethal
- FBI agent killed
- FBI apparently scapegoated someone unjustly; Leonard Peltier
- Iat Alcatraz Occupation
- Held Alcatraz for 2 years
- Black Power Movement
- 1965 Watts Riots
- Younger civil rights people wanted change faster
- Stoakley Carmichael
- Black Panther member
- Violence can be met w/ violence
- Idea of Black Nationalism
- Interests of African culture; getting in touch w/ African roots
- Nation of Islam
- Black Muslims who use Islam in political way to identify w/ civil rights, Black Nationalism
- Practice African religion instead of white religion
- Led by Elijah Muhammad
- Malcolm X
- Able to convert many high prominent figures
- Cassius Clay > Muhammad Ali
- Protested war in Vietnam; maybe most famous proponent of war
- Imprisoned for refusing to go to war when drafted
- Black Panthers
- Using second amendment to monitor police interactions; making sure they were not abusing power etc.
- Technically not illegal / no explicit laws in California regarding open carry
- Huey Newton
- Ran for Oakland Mayor; almost won election while running in jail
- Black Panthers prominent in Oakland / South Central area
- Often hold food drives to feed the community; community responds by protecting them
- People often open their homes for Panthers when police are looking for them
- Brown Berets
- Mexican American community that operate exactly same as Black Panthers
- Women’s Movement
- Right to contraception; own bodies; right to abortion
- National Organization for Women
- Contraception were by prescription
- Roe v Wade
- Argued right of privacy technically protected the abortion
- Gov. has no right to know what your business is
- Now Roe v Wade almost completely overturned, now right of privacy currently being debated
- Myth of Bra Burners
- N.O.W. Protesters
- The story of them throwing bras away grew into story of them lighting bras on fire
- They embrace myth
- Educational Amendments of 1972
- Fed. Gov put amendments on schools wanting federal funding
- TITLE IX (9)
- Deals w/ women issues, sexual harassment issues, and fair sports dealing for women; to get same treatment as men
- Texas would hate this
- If there weren’t enough women to form their own team; they would join mens; ex. > football
- Title 9 would give more opportunities to women
- Affirmative Action
- 1970s economy
- Economy was bad due to oil crisis from Middle East oil embargo
- Gas shortages; hour long lines
- High inflation, unemployment increased
- When jobs opened, minorities applicants would usually get hired as opposed to white
- Affirmative action programs would gain criticism because of it
- Would lead to ideas of reverse racism, reverse discrimination
- 1978 Supreme Court Case
- University of California vs. Bakke
- Did not get into school
- Knew someone who was African American that had worse grades / test scores that got into the school
- UC Davis affirmative action system was basically a quota
- Most of American affirmative action programs were the same way
- Compelling interest standard gets settled
- 80s gained massive right wing swift
- Reagan would be able to appoint 4 Justices
- 1989 Hold Another Case against Affirmative Action
- City of Richmond vs JA Crosson
- Believe compelling interest standard isn’t good enough
- Switch to strict scrutiny for affirmative action programs
- Made affirmative action “unofficially” unconstitutional
- Very difficult to meet this standard
- Proposition 209
- Passed in California in 1996
- Affirmative Action was infeasible
- Ballot to get affirmative action policies removed
- 2/3rds would vote to remove
- People believed it was racially motivated
- Rodney King 1992
- Refused to pull over, sped for 120mph
- Under the influence
- Police “official story” was they believed he was on PCP to justify beating
- Jury would acquit officers through PCP story, Jury was heavily white
- Beginning of Riots; Florence and Normandy street
- Created traffic; stopped truck; pulled white man, Reginald Denny, out of truck and beat up and gave brain damage;
- Many people loot
- Would spread through L.A.
- Rivalring neighborhoods would fight
- Blacks vs Koreans; Black vs Mexicans
- L.A Riots
- KoreaTown
- Police would be called, but would run away from rioters
- Ex. of Story of family would be common throughout L.A
- Mother, Father, Daughter
- 16 yo daughter and mother gets killed by a rioter during robbery
- Father would kill come down and kill 2 rioters
- Would be to court, was justified in defense
- National Guard immediately called
- National state of emergency called by President to call in other State militias; successfully stopped riot
- Officers Stacy Coon and Lawrence Powell still had to face federal charges
- Violated Rodney King’s civil rights
- O.J Simpson - his trial would contribute to racial divide in L.A
- Robert Shapiro
- Would fill different attorney roles the team needs
- Black lead defense - Johnny Cochran
- Specialize of L.A law - Robert Kardashian
- In charge of defensive approach, arguably greatest defense attorney of 20th century - F. Lee Bailey
- When people were asked if O.J did it
- Across racial lines, people said overwhelmingly he probably did it
- However, black community somewhat happy he beat the system similarly to how white people do it